🌹 Jining Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery (Area of the Jining Campaign Memorial Hall)

“Green hills bury loyal bones, red blood stains the red flag.” ——This is not only a resting place but also a spiritual monument standing on the land of the Spring City.

📍 Basic Information

• Official Name: Jining Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery (including the Jining Campaign Memorial Hall, Martyrs' Tomb Area, and the Memorial Tower of Revolutionary Martyrs, etc.)
• Location: No. 46 Yingxiongshan Road, Shizhong District, Jinan City, Shandong Province (originally located at the northeast corner of the intersection of Yingxiongshan Road and Erqi XinCun Middle Road, about 120 meters northeast, now the main entrance of the cemetery)
• Completion Time: Began construction in October 1948, officially completed in 1952; the new Jining Campaign Memorial Hall opened to the public in 2009
• Protection Level:
  • National Key Martyrs' Memorial Building Protection Unit (approved by the State Council in 1989)
  • National Base for the Education of Patriotism (named by the Ministry of Propaganda in 2001)
  • National Grade One Museum (part of the Jining Campaign Memorial Hall, evaluated in 2020)
  • National Red Tourism Classic Scenic Area

📜 Historical Background: An Eternal Memory of a City and a Battle

The birth of the Jining Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery originated from the Jining Campaign from September 16 to 24, 1948, a shockingly significant battle in which the People's Liberation Army made its first successful attack on a heavily fortified and well-defended city under the Nationalist government, marking the beginning of the strategic decisive phase of the Liberation War.

• ✅ Historical Milestones:
  • In October 1948, the Special Committee of the Communist Party of China in Jinan decided to build a martyrs' cemetery on Sili Mountain (now Yingxiongshan) to bury the 3,764 martyrs who died in the Jining Campaign;
  • In 1952, the main body of the cemetery was completed, with Chairman Mao Zedong personally inscribing the name "Memorial Tower of Revolutionary Martyrs";
  • In 1965, Premier Zhou Enlai visited the site and instructed that "the deeds of the martyrs should be passed down from generation to generation";
  • In 2003, the cemetery was renamed as the "Jining Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery," strengthening its historical depth and educational function;
  • In 2009, the modern Jining Campaign Memorial Hall was completed on the east side of the cemetery, reconstructing the historical logic of the campaign through panoramic storytelling.

💡 Historical Significance: The cemetery not only carries the memory of the heroes of the Jining Campaign but also buries over 15,000 martyrs who died during the Land Revolution, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the War Against US Aggression and Aid to Korea, and the socialist construction period, including famous martyrs such as:

• Wang Jinmei (representative of the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China, founder of the Shandong Party organization, buried in the "Shandong Early Communist Party Members Memorial Area" in the north of the cemetery)
• Deng Enming (representative of the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China, an important leader of the Shandong Party organization)
• Liu Qianchu (Secretary of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, died in Jinan in 1931)
• Ma Lijun ("Blasting King," a famous combat hero of the Eighth Route Army)

🏛️ Core Buildings and Spatial Layout (Presented according to actual geographical sequence)

The cemetery is built along the southern slope of Yingxiongshan, adopting a traditional symmetrical and integrated space structure of a mountain and a garden, forming a solemn and strict layout of "one tower, one hall, one tomb, one garden, and one area":

🗺️ Key Points of the Area Distribution Map (Based on actual site tours)

| Area | Location | Main Content | Cultural Features | |------|----------|--------------|------------------| | 📍 Memorial Tower of Revolutionary Martyrs | Central peak (top of Yingxiongshan) | 34.32 meters high, constructed of granite; the tower body is inscribed with the words written by Chairman Mao Zedong; the base is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting the Jining Campaign's assault scenes | Symbolizes victory and eternity, climbing the tower offers a panoramic view of the Spring City, signifying "the souls watching over the homeland" | | 🏛️ Jining Campaign Memorial Hall | East side of the mountain slope, corresponding to the axis of the memorial tower | Three floors above ground + one floor underground, with an exhibition area of 6,800 square meters; includes four main themes: "Choice of Peace or War," "Arming for Battle," "Eight Days and Eight Nights," and "Eternal Spirit"; houses over 1,200 cultural relics, including Su Yu's handwritten notes, original assault ladders, and the first issue of "Jinan Daily" as national-level first-class cultural relics | Utilizes modern exhibition techniques such as panoramic sand tables, immersive images, and electronic lists of martyrs to make history tangible and spirit palpable | | ⚰️ Martyrs' Tomb Area | Southern slope of the memorial tower | Divided into two zones, burying 3,764 named martyrs, with black granite horizontal tombstones inscribed with names, place of origin, and time of death; the collective tomb of unknown martyrs is located deep in the pine forest to the west | "Silent as pines, solemnly respectful," reflecting respect for individual lives and the condensation of collective memory | | 🌿 Red Cultural Theme Garden | Central and western part of the cemetery | Includes "Red Book House," "Long Corridor of the Original Intent," "Garden of Martyrs' Poems and Prose Carvings," and the "Erqi Martyrs Memorial Pavilion" (commemorating the Jinan workers who died in the 1923 Beijing-Hankou Railway Strike); integrates memorability, education, and ecology, achieving "one scene, one history" | | 🪦 Shandong Early Communist Party Members Memorial Area | Independent and tranquil area in the north slope of the cemetery | Memorial statues and biographies of famous martyrs such as Wang Jinmei, Deng Enming, and Liu Qianchu; a "Qilu Star Fire" thematic bas-relief wall | Connects the history of the founding of the Communist Party of China with local revolutionary history, highlighting Shandong's historical status as one of the important birthplaces of the Party |

⚠️ Note: The so-called "Jining Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery Area Distribution Map" is not an independent scenic area name but a visual guide system of the internal spatial organization of the cemetery, widely used in official maps, digital exhibitions, and educational handbooks, serving as a key to understanding its memorial logic.

🏺 Cultural Relics and Historical Value

• National-level Precious Cultural Relics:
  • The leather briefcase used by General Su Yu during the Jining Campaign (1948)
  • The first flag raised on the city wall of Jinan, "Enter Jinan City, Capture Wang Yawu" (reproduction, the original is stored in the China Revolutionary Military Museum)
  • The handwritten manuscript of "Diary of the Campaign in Jinan" (printed by the Political Department of the 9th Division of the East China Field Army, 1948 oil-printed edition)
• Oral History Project: The collection contains over 260 hours of oral history video archives of surviving veterans, covering diverse perspectives such as assault teams, civilian support workers, and battlefield medical staff.
• Literature Collection: The collection houses over 12,000 volumes of paper documents, including local party history, campaign archives, letters from martyrs, and memoirs, with the "List of Martyrs of the Jinan Campaign" (2023 revised edition) being the first to digitalize the information of all 15,000+ martyrs.

🌟 Cultural Value and Historical Significance

• Spiritual Coordinate: With the spirit of the Jining Campaign as its core, "Love for the Party, the military, reliance on the people, bravery, and the will to win," it has become an important practice carrier for promoting the great spirit of the founding of the Party in the new era.
• Educational Hub: Receives over 2 million visitors annually from government agencies, military units, schools, and social groups; brand activities such as "Sacrifice to the martyrs during Qingming," "9.24 Jinan Liberation Day," and "The First Class of School Year: Visit the Cemetery" have deeply touched people's hearts.
• City's Cultural Heritage: The names of Yingxiongshan Road and Erqi XinCun are all derived from this historical memory, and the cemetery, together with Qianfoshan and Baotu Spring, constitutes the cultural and geographical structure of Jinan's "mountain- spring-city-soul."

🧭 Practical Travel Information

• Opening Hours:
  • Martyrs' Tomb Area, Memorial Tower: Free admission year-round, 6:00–18:00 (17:30 in winter)
  • Jining Campaign Memorial Hall: Tuesday to Sunday 9:00–16:30 (16:00 stop entry), closed on Mondays (except for legal holidays)
• Reservation Method:
  • Real-name reservation through the WeChat official account "Jining Revolutionary Martyrs' Cemetery" or "Jining Campaign Memorial Hall" (teams must make advance reservations for guided tours 3 days in advance)
• Transportation Guide:
  • Bus: Routes K51, K54, K137, B100 to "Yingxiongshan Road Yingxiongshan Road Intersection" station, walk north along Yingxiongshan Road for 120 meters to the main entrance
  • Subway: Exit C of Jining Metro Line 2 "Yingxiongshan Station," walk about 500 meters
• Facilities:
  • Free storage, wheelchair/child stroller rental, full coverage of accessible pathways
  • The museum offers multilingual audio guides (Chinese, English, Japanese, Korean) and sign language video terminals
  • The "Red Book Café" provides borrowing of Party history books and themed coffee light refreshment services

🌸 Tips:

• Please dress modestly, do not make noise or play around in the tomb area;
• There are 365 steps in the Memorial Tower, symbolizing "daily remembrance," please climb with caution;
• Every year around September 24, the cemetery holds a flag-raising ceremony themed "Jinan Liberation Day," and participation can be arranged in advance by following announcements.